Gene flow refers to the exchange of genetic material between different populations of the same species through interbreeding or dispersal of individuals. This process plays a crucial role in shaping the genetic diversity and structure of populations, as well as influencing the evolution of species. Gene flow can occur between populations that are geographically close to each other or even between populations that are separated by significant distances. It is a key factor in maintaining genetic connectivity and overall population health. Studying gene flow helps researchers understand how populations interact and adapt to their environments, as well as how they may respond to environmental changes such as climate change or habitat fragmentation.